record F cijkl = Formula 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + Jemeni nainen? c ( ? y ijkl )
ijkl and yijkl equal 0. xijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and yijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), xijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, yijkl equals 1 if k < l>
Second, i size ining how probability of hukou intermarriage alter which have per spouse’s studies (Gullickson and you can Torche, 2014), and then we subsequent see adaptation during the field change among them metropolitan areas.
log F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? p = step 1 dos ? p u pij + ? q = 1 dos ? q w qij + ? c ? p = step 1 2 ? p u pij + ? c ? q = step 1 dos ? q w qij
When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both upij and wqij equal 0. upij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and wqij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), upij equals 1 if k >p and wqij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), upij equals 1 if l > p and wqij equals 1 if k > q.
Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?p and ?q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.
Descriptive Performance
Detailed contributes to Table step one inform you hukou area pairings out of spouses by the town. From inside the Shanghai, regarding the 47% out-of micro-census was basically developed anywhere between a few migrants; in the Shenzhen, that payment are more than 70%. Regarding 38% off marriage ceremonies in it two regional partners from inside the Shanghai, whereas 15% of marriages got a few regional partners from inside the Shenzhen. Certainly, some one tended to get married inside their hukou reputation group in both locations. In cities, marriages anywhere between a local husband and an excellent migrant partner was indeed far apt to be than marriages between good migrant partner and you will an area spouse to occur (13% compared to. 3% within the Shanghai and you may eleven% compared to. 4% in the Shenzhen). The newest percentage of hukou locality homogamy is similar regarding several towns and cities. Yet ,, we should interpret the outcome having caution, just like the share out-of migrants differs on these two metropolises. Brand new relative size of migrants and natives produces architectural marital options for those to find prospective partners and eventually ). Log-linear studies lets us see the degree of hukou homogamy, web of the compositional outcomes, by the managing to own limited withdrawals out-of hukou reputation.
Dining table step one.
We earliest expose the fresh withdrawals away from studies attainment for migrant husbands, local husbands, migrant wives, and you can regional wives for the for every single city, respectively, during the Shape 1 . Normally, migrants is actually reduced experienced than neighbors, irrespective of gender, both in Shanghai and you can Shenzhen. One of migrants, the male is greatest educated than just feamales in one another Shanghai and Shenzhen. In contrast, certainly locals, the latest gender pit within the training try both small otherwise stopped: local guys typically are just a little most readily useful educated than just its feminine alternatives into the Shenzhen, and you will regional women typically be more experienced than just their male counterparts during the Shanghai. Log-linear models handle for the education inequalities anywhere between people and you can between neighbors and you can migrants to recapture the fresh new associations ranging from spouses’ studies and you can anywhere between informative and you will hukou area assortative mating, internet of your own limited withdrawals from spouses’ qualities.